Greg W. BeVier
What the Future Will Bring and How We Get Ready
Food security in developing countries is an enigma given the vast resources available to us
on Earth. It is estimated that almost 50% of our global population (6.5B) lives on less than $2/day. Poverty causes hunger, not lack of food supply. Today, we have the technical capability today to produce enough food to supply 10 billion people. Veterinarians have an
enormous opportunity to provide the leadership needed for the technology transfer required to
improve food production efficiency. In order to provide this leadership, veterinarians will need
to enhance their training in the areas of business and operations management.
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Roman Biek
Causes and Consequences of Ebola Virus Emergence in Central Africa
Because of its high human fatality rate and enigmatic epidemiology, Ebola virus exemplifies the threat of emerging zoonotic diseases. I will present some of the recent findings on Ebola virus ecology and epidemiology and describe the mechanisms thought to be critical for its emergence. I will further identify some important gaps in our current understanding of this zoonotic pathogen that hinder our ability to predict and prevent future outbreaks. |
Corrie Brown
International Efforts in Early Detection, Surveillance and Response
Weaknesses of early detection and rapid response are responsible for the spread of many emerging diseases. The Global Early Warning System (GLEWS), developed and launched jointly by the World Health Organization, the Food and Agriculture Organization, and World Organisation for Animal Health, seeks to establish mechanisms for tracking and verifying unusual syndromes that warrant early dissemination of warnings.
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Ilaria Capua
Avian Influenza: the Moving Target
Avian Influenza viruses of the H5N1 subtype have become endemic in the poultry population of vast areas of the world in three continents. This opportunity given to the virus has greatly increased its potentials, affecting the health of wild and domestic animals and of humans. Currently, human health is affected both in terms of the reduction of food security and of the infection of humans as a prelude to the emergence of a new pandemic virus. An extraordinary effort to control this panzootic is necessary - in which the veterinary community plays a crucial role.
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Darin Carroll
Ecological Investigations into Sylvatic Reservoirs of Human Monkeypox and Other Viral Zoonoses
The taxonomy and ecology of many zoonotic disease reservoirs systems (including monkeypox) are poorly understood. Studies contributing to a more thorough understanding of these systems would no doubt shed considerable light on the primary zoonotic transmission of various zoonoses and facilitate the development of more efficient surveillance and intervention strategies. |
Bruno Chomel
Wildlife Diseases - Emerging and Re-emerging Zoonoses from Wildlife Reservoirs
Most emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic, with wildlife constituting a large and often unknown reservoir. Wildlife can also be a source for re-emergence of previously controlled zoonoses. Although the discovery of such zoonoses is often related to better diagnostic tools, man-made modifications to natural habitats and human behaviors are the leading causes of emergence. It includes expansion of human populations and encroachment on wildlife habitat, changes in agricultural practices and trade globalization. However, wildlife trade and translocation, live animal and bushmeat markets, consumption of exotic foods, development of ecotourism, and access to petting zoos, as well as ownership of exotic pets are now important factors to consider for such an emergence. Education of the general public about the risks associated with wildlife, bushmeat and exotic pet trades as well as the implementation of proper surveillance systems are greatly needed to reduce the risk of emerging zoonoses. |
Sandra Cointreau
Animal Waste
Recent zoonotic disease outbreaks of devastating consequences to animal health and trade in livestock products, and including some human disease incidents and mortalities, have affected more than tens of developing countries. In the last decade, hundreds of millions of livestock have lost their lives through culling activities and economic costs have significantly reduced the gross domestic product of some countries. The Bank has conducted emergency projects for several Foot-and-Mouth outbreaks, and is now involved in highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) prevention and containment projects in tens of countries. As part of this work, new studies are examining waste management for livestock manure and slaughter wastes, as these wastes are key in several major outbreaks, including SARS, Mad Cow, Foot-in-Mouth, and HPAI. This presentation discusses the issues faced and some of the Bank's efforts. |
David Galligan
Attributes of Technologies in Animal Agriculture
Modern animal agriculture is the fruit of mans historic evolution in the discovery and implementation of new technologies throughout the ages.
As in the past, animal agriculture is on yet another precipice of new emerging technology that will forever change how mankind interacts with food animals. In this presentation we will discuss the fundamental attributes of technology applied in the animal production sector and how they can affect these industries.
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Cees de Haan
The Main Environmental and Health Impact of the Livestock Revolution
Following the introductory paper by Dr. Steinfeld on the overall changes in the global livestock sector, this paper will look more specifically at the veterinary policies and institutions needed in the developing world to produce safe and affordable milk and meat for domestic and international markets. This will include a discussion on the options and issues regarding the required veterinary service infrastructure for different categories of countries according to their development level and access to world markets. |
David Harlan
Global Food Systems - Challenges and Opportunities
Global consumption of meat and poultry is projected to increase by 75% in the next 25 years as population and economic growth in developing societies advance. The manner by which this increased animal protein is produced, processed and traded will have dramatic consequences on global public health. Public-private partnerships are desperately needed to ensure the development and implementation of solutions that optimize the health of people, food producing animals, wildlife and the environment. The veterinary public health community must take a central role in leading these partnerships. |
Candace Jacobs
Crossing Borders: Social Implications with the rise of US Supermarkets in Latin America
Retailers that think outside the box and outside their country have the biggest potential for growth. Understanding the national culture of the “foreign” country is key to success. Arriving at a proper balance between locally sourced lines and globally sourced lines, especially in food, is extremely important. How do standards of food safety and quality transfer across the border? |
Edward Kanara
The Global Animal Health Industry - Active Partner in Protecting Public Health
To help protect public health, the global animal health industry now collaborates more actively than ever with governments, international bodies, academia, the veterinary profession, livestock producers and pet owners. An overview of collaborations in areas including food safety, antimicrobial resistance, newly emergent diseases, and bioterrorism highlights current activities and suggests possible future developments. |
Lonnie King
Addressing Contemporary Public Health Issues Through CDC’s National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne & Enteric Diseases
The convergence of animal and human health has created a new era for global public health that’s characterized by unprecedented challenges and opportunities. CDC has responded to this reality by creating the National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne and Enteric Diseases. This talk discusses these challenges and responses as well as the focus, functions, and roles of the new Center. |
Stephen Kobrin
Globalization: What Caused It and How Will the Story End?
One can look at the current wave of globalization as a cyclical phenomena, a product of political choice and American hegemony or as structural change brought on by technology. To an important extent, the future of globalization depends on which narrative you choose. I will argue that globalization represents irreversible structural change over the medium to longer run. |
Rich Langan
Opportunities and Challenges for Farming the Deep Blue
It is widely acknowledged that f uture increases in seafood production will likely come from farming, not fishing. The growth of land-based and nearshore marine aquaculture, however, is constrained by space, economics, and environmental concerns. For aquaculture to expand, the potential of farming offshore ocean waters must be explored. This presentation examines the current state of offshore aquaculture, and its opportunities and challenges. |
Hugh Mainzer
The Role of Environmental Systems in Applied Preventive Medicine:
Responsibilities and Opportunities for the Veterinary Public Health Practitioner
Contemporary public health practitioners investigate the interactions between host physical and social suceptibilities, the agents causing disease and disability, and the environmental factors contributing to adverse health outcomes. In response to the emergence or re-emergence of health threats to global populations, veterinarians are demonstrating the proficiencies needed to implement effective disease prevention and health promotion interventions. This presentation will illustrate several processes that link simple population health concepts with the priorities of a complex public health infrastructure. |
Vincent Martin
Farming systems, Trade and Cultural Practices in Developing Countries that Influence the Emergence of Avian Influenza
The emergence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), H5N1 strain in Asia and its subsequent spread to other continents is the result of years of fast and unregulated development of animal production to meet the increased demand in animal protein. Highly concentrated domestic poultry production in densely populated regions, a rapid evolution of animal and farming production systems in the region associated to centuries-old cultural practices that place humans and poultry in close mutual proximity, as well as the constant evolving nature of the virus have provided the ideal conditions for the emergence of new pathogenic strains of avian influenza.
Understanding the underlying farming and cultural practices that influenced the emergence and spread of avian influenza in developing countries has been instrumental in developing effective risk-reduction measures. Indeed, through a better understanding of farming systems, trade and market chains as well as cultural practices in Asia, it has been demonstrated that control efforts should be focused on production sectors with low biosecurity standards, namely sectors three (free-ranging chickens and ducks, pond ducks) and four (scavenging chickens and ducks), which represent a greater challenge, from a disease management and cultural point of view, for reducing the risk of avian influenza occurrence and subsequent human health infection.
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Matthew Meselson
Contributions of Martin Kaplan to International Veterinary Public Health and to the Effective Prohibition of Chemical and Biological Weapons
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Francois Meslin
New Approaches to the Control of Zoonotic Diseases
Emerging zoonotic diseases are increasingly recognized as a global and regional issue with potentially serious human health and economic impacts and their current upward trends are likely to continue. Although history shows that the cascade of events leading to the emergence of a new disease is different each time, several factors are known to favour such emergence. Early and accurate detection of new outbreaks of epidemic diseases including emerging zoonoses, and an improved capacity for understanding the underlying causes for disease emergence, and the ecology of the agents and their hosts will assist in the effective prevention or rapid containment of future emergence events. Integrating the early warning, alert and response systems of international organizations should be undertaken to facilitate early detection of potentially linked animal and public health events.
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Shelly Rankin
The Global Impact of Multiple Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria
The use of veterinary pharmaceuticals has become integral to the global animal food industry. The worldwide increase in antibiotic resistant bacteria has led to widespread concern that the use of antibiotics in agriculture is largely responsible for this trend. |
Bruce Rideout
Avian Influenza at the Wildlife-Human-Domestic Animal Interface
Wildlife disease agents normally remain ecologically compartmentalized based on life-history traits of the natural host. Disease outbreaks can occur when compartment barriers break down, bringing natural hosts into contact with new susceptible hosts. The global spread of H5N1 influenza reveals the complex interplay between wild birds, domestic animals, humans, and other wildlife as multiple compartment barriers are breached. |
Chuck Rupprecht
Globalization, Zoonoses, and the Rabies Paradigm
Wildlife is implicated in multiple viral zoonoses, including corono-, paramyxo-, filo-, and lyssaviruses, with recognition of the latter on all inhabited continents. As one of the oldest infectious diseases, rabies remains a model paradigm for pathogen emergence and a novel example of disease prevention and control in free-ranging wild animals. |
Gary Smith
The Impact of Non-Zoonotic Animal Disease Epidemics on Public Health and Well Being
The consequences of large scale non-zoonotic infectious disease epidemics in domestic animals can be summarized by the following categories: direct economic losses; indirect multiplier affects (for example to agriculture-related industries, trade and tourism); logistical, environmental, social and political difficulties associated with the disposal of carcasses; controversy concerning methods and loss of confidence in government; public anxiety in the face of diseases whose direct health consequences for people are misunderstood; multiple opportunities for fraud and other criminal acts; damaging academic controversy; and changes in the incidence of other animal diseases several of which may be zoonotic. These consequences pervasive, and adversely influence human health and well being in multiple ways. |
Henning Steinfeld
Global Livestock Sector Trends and Implications for the Veterinary Profession
Global demand for livestock products in expected to double by 2050, Demand and production of livestock products are increasing rapidly in developing countries, which have outpaced developed countries. A few large countries, in particular China , India and Brazil are taking centre stage. Growth is not uniform among the species, and poultry is the one with the highest growth rate in most countries. This increasing demand is associated with important structural changes in countries’ livestock sectors, such as intensification of production, vertical integration, geographic concentration and up-scaling of production units. These trends, in combination with external factors, bring about new challenges for the veterinary profession. |
Paul Thompson
The Sea Change for Animal Welfare in Livestock Production: Implications for Producers, Consumers and Public Health
After decades of resistance to the demands of animal protectionists, livestock producers are currently undertaking a variety of initiatives to improve the welfare of animals in their care. The diversity in these approaches can be seen as a welcome development, but the sheer number of approaches suggests that there will be confusion and contestation as competing visions vie for supremacy. |
Lin-Fa Wang
Bats and Emergence of SARS
Bats have been implicated as natural reservoirs of an increasing number of emerging zoonotic viruses. We have identified horseshoe bats (genus Rhinolophus) as the reservoir host of SARS-like viruses. The significance of this finding in relation to the prevention of SARS and other emerging diseases of bat origin will be discussed. |
Doyle Waybright
Look, No Hands
The future of dairy farming all across the world is fast changing with a greater emphasis on decreasing the hard physical work of milking and caring for cows. Mason Dixon Farms is milking 500 cows with 10 robots, improving labor efficiency aand providing a future for the 9th generation. |
