Skeleton
Page 6-Page 9

axial skeleton
thoracic girdle
clavicle
brachium
antebrachium
manus
pes
crus

Scapula:
glenoid cavity
neck of the scapula
spine
acromion
supraspinous fossa
infraspinous fossa
serrated face
subscapular fossa
cranial border
scapular notch
cranial angle
dorsal border
caudal angle
infraglenoid tubercle
caudal border
ventral angle
glenoid cavity
supraglenoid tubercle
coracoid process


Humerus
Page 10

head of the humerus
intertubercular groove
greater tubercle
lesser tubercle
neck
cranial surface
crest of the greater tubercle
lateral surface
deltoid tuberosity
tricipital line
tuberosity of the teres minor
brachialis groove
lateral supracondylar crest
caudal surface
crest of the lesser tubercle
medial surface
humeral condyle
trochlea
capitulum
lateral epicondyle
medial epicondyle
olecranon fossa
radial fossa
supratrochlear foramen

Radius
Page 12

radius
head
fovea capitis
radial tuberosity
body
trochlea
ulnar notch
styloid process

Ulna
Page 13

trochlear notch
radial notch
olecranon
olecranon tuber
trochlear notch
anconeal process
medial and lateral coronoid processes
body of the ulna
ulnar tuberosity
interosseous border
styloid process

Carpal Bones
Page 14

carpus
proximal row:
  intermedioradial carpal
  ulnar carpal
  accessory carpal
distal row:
  1,2,3,4

Metacarpal Bones
Page 16

metacarpus
body
base
head

Phalanges
Page 17

base
body
head
ungual crest
extensor process
common digital extensor tendon
ungual process
proximal sesamoid bones
dorsal sesamoid bones

Muscles of the Thoracic Limb
Page 18-Page 31

Superficial Structures of the Thorax
umbilicus
vortex
common integument
epidermis
dermis
thoracic mammae
abdominal mammae
inguinal mammae
costal arch
areolar tissue
fascia
superficial fascia
deep fascia
origin
insertion
tendon
aponeurosis
ligament
cutaneous trunci
preputial muscle

Extrinsic Muscles of the Thoracic Limb and Related Structures
Page 20

superficial pectoral muscles
descending pectoral
transverse pectoral
deep pectoral
cutaneous trunci
superficial fascia of the neck
platysma
brachiocephalicus
clavicular intersection
clavicle
cleidobrachialis
cleidocephalicus
  pars cervicalis
  pars mastoidea
sternocephalicus
  mastoid part
  occipital part
sternohyoideus
sternothyroideus
omotransversarius
deep fascia of the neck
carotid sheath
supraspinous ligament
nuchal ligament
median raphe
trapezius
  cervical part
  thoracic part
rhomboideus
  rhomboideus capitis
  rhomboideus cervicis
  rhomboideus thoracis
latissimus dorsi
thoracolumbar fascia
linea alba
serratus ventralis cervicis
serratus ventralis thoracis

Lateral Muscles of the Scapula and Shoulder
Page 32

deltoideus
infraspinatus
subtendinous synovial bursa
teres minor
supraspinatus

Medial Muscles of the Scapula and Shoulder
Page 33

subscapularis
teres major
coracobrachialis

Caudal Muscles of the Arm (Brachium)
Page 35

tensor fasciae antebrachii
triceps brachii
long head
lateral head
medial head
accessory head
anconeus

Cranial Muscles of the Arm
Page 37

biceps brachii
transverse humeral retinaculum
intertubercular bursa
brachialis
carpal pad
metacarpal pad
digital pad
deep antebrachial fascia

Cranial and Lateral Muscles of the Forearm (Antebrachium)
Page 38

extensor carpi radialis
extensor retinaculum
common digital extensor
dorsal ligament
lateral digital extensor
extensor carpi ulnaris
supinator
abductor pollicus longus

Caudal and Medial Muscles of the Forearm
Page 43

pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
flexor retinaculum
superficial digital flexor
flexor manica
palmar annular ligament
digital synovial sheath
flexor carpi ulnaris
ulnar head
humeral head
deep digital flexor
humeral head
ulnar head
radial head
flexor retinaculum
carpal canal
annular digital ligaments
pronator quadratus

Muscles of the Forepaw (Manus)
Page 47

interossei
proximal sesamoids

Joints of the Thoracic Limb
Page 48

medial and lateral glenohumeral ligaments
transverse humeral retinaculum
elbow
lateral and medial collateral ligaments
interosseous ligament
palmar carpal ligament
metacarpophalangeal joint
proximal interphalangeal joint
distal interphalangeal joint

Bones of the Pelvic Limb
Page 50

pelvic girdle
symphysis pelvis
os coxae
ilium
ischium
pubis
acetabulum
acetabular bone
pelvic canal
pelvic inlet
pelvic outlet
ischiatic arch

Os Coxae
Page 53

ilium
wing
body
iliac crest
cranial ventral iliac spine
tuber coxae
lateral area for rectus femoris
cranial dorsal iliac spine
caudal dorsal iliac spine
tuber sacrale
greater ischiatic notch
gluteal surface
sacropelvic surface
auricular surface
arcuate line
ischium
ischiatic tuberosity
body of the ischium
ischiatic spine
lesser ischiatic notch
ramus
ischiatic table
ischiatic arch
pubis
body of the pubis
cranial ramus
caudal ramus
obturator sulcus
iliopubic eminence
pubic tubercle
pecten
acetabulum
acetabular notch
acetabular fossa
obturator foramen

Femur
Page 57

head
fovea capitis femoris
neck
greater trochanter
trochanteric fossa
lesser trochanter
intertrochanteric crest
third trochanter
body
medial and lateral lips
trochlea
patella
medial and lateral condyles
intercondylar fossa
medial and lateral supracondylar tuberosities
popliteal surface
medial and lateral epicondyles
extensor fossa

Tibia
Page 58

medial condyle
lateral condyle
intercondylar eminence
menisci
intercondylar eminence
cranial intercondylar area
caudal intercondylar area
popliteal notch
tibial tuberosity
cranial border of the tibia
extensor groove
body
tibial cochlea
medial malleolus

Fibula
Page 60

body
head
lateral malleolus
Tarsal Bones
tarsus
calcaneus
talus
trochlea
tuber calacanei
sustentaculum tali
1,2,3 tarsal bones
central tarsal bone
fourth tarsal bone
Metatarsal Bones
1-5
Phalanges
pes
manus
hallux

Muscles of the Pelvic Limb
Page 62

superficial fascia of the trunk
superficial gluteal fascia
thoracolumbar fascia
deep fascia of the trunk
deep gluteal fascia
deep caudal fascia
lateral femoral fasciae
fascia lata
crural fascia

Caudal Muscles of the Thigh
Page 64

biceps femoris
popliteal lymph node
common calcanean tendon
semitendinosus
semimembranosus

Medial Muscles of the Thigh
Page 71

Sartorius – cranial and caudal parts
Gracilis
Symphysial tendon
Femoral triangle
Pectineus
Adductor

Lateral Muscles of the Pelvis (Rump)
Page 72

Tensor fasciae latae
Superficial gluteal
Middle gluteal
Piriformis muscle
Deep gluteal
Articularis coxae

Caudal Hip Muscles
Page 74

Internal obturator
Gemelli
Quadratus femoris
External obturator

Cranial Muscles of the Thigh
Page 76

Quadriceps femoris
Patella
Patellar ligament
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus medialis
Iliopsoas
Psoas major
Iliacus

Muscles of the Leg (Crus)
Page 77

Superficial crural, tarsal, metatarsal, and digital fasciae
Deep crural fascia
Crural extensor retinaculum
Tarsal extensor retinaculum

Craniolateral Muscles of the Leg
Page 78

Cranial tibial
Long digital extensor
Peroneus longus
Gastrocnemius
Common calcanean tendon
Superficial digital flexor
Deep digital flexor
Lateral digital flexor
Medial digital flexor

Joints of the Pelvic Limb
Page 88

Symphysis pelvis
Sacroiliac joint
Dorsal and ventral sacroiliac ligaments
Sacrotuberous ligament
Hip
Ligament of the femoral head
Transverse acetabular ligament
Acetabular lip
Stifle
Meniscus or semilunar fibrocartilage
Medial and lateral femoropatellar ligaments
Cranial and caudal meniscotibial ligaments
Transverse ligament
Meniscofemoral ligament
Femorotibial ligaments
Medial collateral ligament
Lateral collateral ligament
Cruciate ligaments
Cranial cruciate ligament
Caudal cruciate ligament
Tibiofibular joints
Interosseus membrane
Tarsal joint

Bones of the Vertebral Column
Page 94

Vertebral column
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and caudal vertebrae
Sacrum
Body of a vertebra
Nucleus pulposus
Anulus fibrosus
Vertebral arch
Pedicles
Laminae
Vertebral foramen
Vertebral canal
Cranial vertebral notches
Caudal vertebral notches
Intervertebral foramina
Spinous processes
Transverse processes
Articular processes

Cervical Vertebrae
Page 94

Atlas
Wings of the atlas
Body (ventral arch)
Arch
Cranial articular foveae
Atlanto-occipital joint
Caudal articular foveae
Fovea dentis
Transverse foramina
Lateral vertebral foramina
Axis
Dens
Cranial articular surface
Ventral lamina
Cranial articular processes
Caudal articular processes
Ventral crest

Thoracic Vertebrae
Page 97

Cranial and caudal costal fovea
Spine
Anticlinal vertebra
Articular processes
Accessory process
Mamillary process

Lumbar Vertebrae
Page 98

Lumbar vertebrae
Transverse processes
Articular processes
Caudal processes
Spinous processes
Sacrum
Body (of first segment)
Median sacral crest
Dorsal sacral foramina
Pelvic sacral foramina
Auricular face
Base (of sacrum)
Promontory

Caudal Vertebrae
Page 99

Ribs
Page 100

Costal cartilages
Costal arch
Head (of ribs)Tubercle
Sternum
Sternebrae
Intersternebral cartilages
Manubrium
Xiphoid process

Muscles of the Trunk and Neck
Page 102

Axial muscles
Hypaxial
Epaxial
Superficial fascia of the trunk
Deep fascia of the trunk
Hypaxial muscles
Longus Capitus
Longus colli

Muscles of the Thoracic Wall
Page 103

Scalenus
Serratus ventralis cervicalis and thoracis
Serratus dorsalis
Serratus dorsalis cranialis
Serratus dorsalis caudalis
External intercostal muscles
Internal intercostal muscles

Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
Page 104

External abdominal oblique
Linea alba
Superficial inguinal ring
Inguinal canal
Vaginal tunic
Vaginal process
Inguinal ligament
Vascular lacuna
Internal abdominal oblique
Cremaster
Transversus abdominis
Rectus abdominis

Inguinal Canal
Page 108

Superficial inguinal ring
Deep inguinal ring
Spermatic cord

Epaxial Muscles
Page 109

Iliocostalis system
Longissimus system
Transversospinalis system
Iliocostalis System
Iliocostalis lumborum
Iliocostalis thoracis

Longissimus System
Page 110

Thoracolumbar
Cervical
Capital
Longissimus thoracis et lumborum
Longissimus cervicis
Longissimus capitis

Transversospinalis System
Page 111

Spinalis
Semispinalis
Multifidus
Rotatores
Interspinalis
Intertransversarius
Splenius
Semispinalis capitis
Biventer cervicis
Complexus
Nuchal ligament
Supraspinous ligament

Joints of the Axial Skeleton
Page 112

Vertebral Joints
Atlanto-occipital joint
Atlantoaxial joint
Transverse ligament of the atlas
Apical and alar ligaments
Dorsal atlanto-axial ligament
Intervertebral disks
Anulus fibrosus
Nucleus pulposus
Ventral longitudinal ligament
Dorsal longitudinal ligament
Yellow ligaments
Interspinous ligaments
Supraspinous ligament
Nuchal ligament

Ribs
Page 115

Cranial and caudal costal foveae
Intercapital ligament

Vessels and Nerves of the Neck
Page 116

Second cervical spinal nerve
Great auricular nerve
Transverse cervical nerve
External jugular vein
Linguofacial vein
Maxillary vein
Mandibular salivary gland
Mandibular lymph nodes
Superficial cervical lymph nodes
Accessory (11 th) cranial nerve
Third, fourth, and fifth cervical spinal nerves
Vagosympathetic nerve trunk
Medial retropharyngeal lymph node

Thorax– Superficial Vessels and Nerves of the Thoracic Wall
Page 120

Dorsal intercostal arteries
Ventral intercostal branches from the internal thoracis artery and vein
Intercostal nerves
Cranial thoracic mamma
Caudal thoracic mamma
Axilla
Lateral thoracic artery, vein, and nerve
Axillary lymph node

Deep Vessels and Nerves of the Thoracic Wall
Page 123

Cranial epigastric artery
Cranial superficial epigastric artery
Transversus thoracis
Pleurae
Pulmonary or visceral pleura
Parietal pleura
Costal pleura
Diaphragmatic pleura
Mediastinal pleurae
Mediastinum
Pericardial mediastinal pleura
Plica venae cavae
Root of the lung
Pulmonary ligament
Thymus
Internal thoracic artery
Musculophrenic artery

Lungs
Page 128

Left lung
Cranial lobe
Caudal lobe
Right lung
Cranial lobe
Middle lobe
Caudal lobe
Accessory lobe
Cardiac notch
Principal bronchi
Carina
Lobar bronchi
Tracheobronchial lymph nodes
Aortic impression

Veins Cranial to the Heart
Page 131

Cranial vena cava
Brachocephalic vein
External jugular vein
Subclavian vein
Thoracic duct
Cisterna chyli
Left tracheal trunk
Right tracheal trunk

Arteries Cranial to the Heart
Page 131

Aorta
Ascending aorta
Aortic arch
Descending aorta
Coronary arteries
Brachiocephalic trunk
Left common carotid artery
Right common carotid artery
Right subclavian artery
Left subclavian artery
Vertebral artery
Costocervical trunk
Superficial cervical artery
Internal thoracic artery

Branches of the Thoracic Aorta
Page 135

Esophageal arteries
Bronchial arteries
Bronchesophageal artery
Intercostal arteries
Phrenic nerves

Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System
Page 138

Central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
Brain
Spinal cord
Cranial nerves
Spinal nerves
Sensory, afferent axons
Motor, efferent axons
Motor portion (of peripheral NS)
Somatic efferent neurons
Visceral efferent neurons
Neuron
Autonomic nervous system
Ganglion
Nuclei
Preganglionic neuron
Postganglionic
Sympathetic division
Thoracolumbar portion
Parasympathetic division
Craniosacral portion
Ventral root
Dorsal root
Spinal nerve
Ramus communicans
Sympathetic trunk
Sympathetic trunk ganglion
Splanchnic nerves
Cranial cervical ganglion

Dissection
Page 141

Cervicothoracic ganglion
Brachial plexus
Vertebral nerve
Ansa subclavia
Middle cervical ganglion
Cardiac nerves
Vagosympathetic trunk
Cranial cervical ganglion
Vagus nerve
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
Right recurrent laryngeal nerve
Caudal laryngeal nerve
Ventral vagal trunk
Dorsal vagal trunk

Heart and Pericardium
Page 143

Pericardium
Fibrous pericardium
Phrenicopericardial ligament
Serous pericardium
Parietal layer
Visceral layer
Epicardium
Heart
Auricular surface
Atrial surface
Right atrium
Sinus venarum
Right auricle
Caudal vena cava
Coronary sinus
Cranial vena cava
Right atrioventricular orifice
Interatrial septum
Intervenous tubercle
Fossa ovalis
Right auricle
Pectinate muscles
Endocardium
Crista terminalis
Pulmonary trunk
Right atrioventricular valve
Parietal cusp
Septal cusp
Chordae tendineae
Papillary muscles
trabeculae carneae
Trabecula septomarginalis
Conus arteriosus
Pulmonary valve
Semilunar cusps
Nodule
Left atrium
Left auricle
Valve of the foramen ovale
Left atrioventricular valve
Septal and parietal cusps
Ligamentum arteriosum
Aortic valve
Sinus of the aorta
Right coronary artery
Left coronary artery
Circumflex branch
Paraconal interventricular branch
Septal branch
Coronary sinus
Great cardiac vein

Vessels and Nerves of the Thoracic Limb
Page 148

Primary Vessels of the Thoracic Limb
Subclavian artery
Axillary artery
Median artery
Brachial artery
Superficial cervical artery
Superficial cervical lymph nodes

Brachial plexus
Page 150

Axillary Artery
External thoracic artery
Lateral thoracic artery
Subscapular artery
Thoracodorsal artery
Caudal circumflex humeral artery
Cranial circumflex humeral artery

Brachial Artery
Page 152

Collateral ulnar artery
Superficial brachial artery
Cranial superficial antebrachial artery
Transverse cubital artery

Nerves of the Scapular Region and Arm
(*Pneumonic for major brachial plexus nerves= S. S. MARMU(subscapular, suprascapular, musculocutaneous, axillary, radial, median, ulnar) )
Page 155

Cranial pectoral nerves
Suprascapular nerve
Subscapular nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
Medial cutaneous antebrachial nerve
Axillary nerve
Cranial lateral cutaneous brachial nerve
Thoracodorsal nerve
Radial nerve
Deep and superficial branches
Medial nerve
Ulnar nerve
Caudal cutaneous antebrachial nerve
Caudal pectoral nerves
Cephalic vein
Accessory cephalic vein
Median cubital vein
Axillobrachial vein
Cephalic vein
Omobrachial vein

Arteries of the Forearm and Paw
Page 161

Brachial artery
Common interosseous artery
Ulnar artery
Caudal interosseous artery
Cranial interosseous artery
Deep antebrachial artery
Median artery
Radial artery

Nerves of the Forearm and Paw
Page 166

Radial nerve
Deep branch
Superficial branch
Lateral cutaneous antebrachial nerve
Medial branch
Lateral branch
Median nerve
Ulnar nerve
Dorsal branch
Palmar branch
Cutaneous area
Autonomous zone
Dorsal or palmar common digital vessels or nerves
Dorsal or palmar metacarpal vessels or nerves

Vessels and Nerves of the Ventral and Lateral Parts of the Abdominal Wall
Page 172

External pudendal artery
Caudal superficial epigastric artery
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
Cranial abdominal artery
Cutaneous nerves
Lateral cutaneous femoral nerve
Cranial iliohypogastric nerve
Caudal iliohypogastric nerve
Ilioinguinal nerve
Lateral cutaneous femoral nerve

Inguinal Structures - Male
Page 174

External pudendal artery and vein
Genitofemoral nerve
Spermatic fascia
Cremaster muscle
Vaginal process
Parietal vaginal tunic
Visceral vaginal tunic
Mesorchium
Mesoductus deferens
Spermatic cord
Ductus deferens
Deferent artery and vein
Testicular artery and vein
Pampiniform plexus
Testis
Epididymis
Head
Body
Tail
Ligament of the tail of the epididymis
Proper ligament of the testis
Scrotum

Inguinal Structures - Female
Page 177

Vaginal process
Round ligament of the uterus

Inguinal Canal
Page 178

Abdominal and Peritoneal Cavities
Abdominal cavity
Peritoneal cavity
Parietal peritoneum
Visceral peritoneum
Transversalis fascia
Falciform ligament
Round ligament of the liver
Median ligament of the bladder
Vaginal ring
Deep inguinal ring
Ductus deferens
Caudal epigastric artery and vein

Abdominal Viscera
Page 179

Greater omentum
Omental bursa
Urinary bladder
Uterus
Cervix
Body (of uterus)
Horns (of uterus)
Spleen
Gastrosplenic ligament
Diaphragm
Tendinous center
Lumbar part
Costal part
Sternal part
Cupula
Aortic hiatus
Esophageal hiatus
Caval foramen
Liver
  Right medial lobe
  Right lateral lobe
  Quadrate lobe
  Left medial lobe
  Left lateral lobe
  Caudate lobe
  Caudate process
  Renal impression
  Papillary process

Biliary Passages
Page 186

Hepatic ducts
Gallbladder
Cystic duct
Bile duct (ductus choledochus)
Stomach
  Cardiac part
  Fundus
  Body
  Pyloric part
  Pyloric antrum
  Pyloric canal
  Pylorus
  Greater curvature
  Lesser curvature
Duodenum
  Cranial duodenal flexure
  Descending part
  Caudal duodenal flexure
  Ascending part
  Duodenojejunal flexure
Jejunum
Mesenteric lymph nodes
Ilium
Ileocolic orifice
Cecum
Cecocolic orifice
Colon
  Ascending colon
  Transverse colon
  Descending colon
  Right colic flexure
  Left colic flexure
Rectum
Pancreas
  Body
  Right lobe
  Left lobe
  Pancreatic duct
  Major duodenal papilla
  Accessory pancreatic duct
  Minor duodenal papilla
Adrenal glands – right and left
Kidneys – right and left
  Hilus
  Ureter
  Renal pelvis
  Renal sinus
  Renal cortex
  Medulla
  Arcuate branches
  Renal crest
  Renal pyramids
  Pelvic recesses
Ovaries
  Ovarian bursa
  Uterine tube
  Infundibulum
  Abdominal ostium
  Tubouterine junction
  Broad ligaments
  Mesometrium
  Mesovarium
  Mesosalpinx
  Suspensory ligament of the ovary
  Proper ligament of the ovary
  Round ligament of the uterus

Peritoneum
Page 195

Parietal peritoneum
Visceral peritoneum
Omentum
Greater omentum
Lesser omentum
Hepatoduodenal ligament
Omental bursa
Epiploic foramen
Mesoduodenum
Duodenocolic fold
Mesentery
Root of the mesentery
Ascending, transverse, and descending mesocolon
Right triangular ligament
Left triangular ligament
Coronary ligament
Falciform ligament
Umbilical vein

Vessels and Nerves of the Abdominal Viscera
Page 197

Vagal Nerves
Vagus nerve (10 th cranial nerve)
Dorsal and ventral branches
Dorsal vagal trunk
Celiac branch
Ventral vagal trunk

Sympathetic Trunk
Page 198

Splanchnic Nerves
Page 199

Splanchnic nerves
Major splanchnic nerve
Minor splanchnic nerve
Lumbar splanchnic nerves

Abdominal Nerve Plexuses and Ganglia
Page 199

Celiac ganglia
Cranial mesenteric ganglion
Celiacomesenteric ganglion and plexus
Caudal mesenteric ganglion and plexus
Right and left hypogastric nerves

Branches of the Abdominal Aorta
Page 200

Lumbar arteries
Celiac artery
Hepatic artery
Cystic artery
Right gastric artery
Gastroduodenal artery
Right gastroepiploic artery
Cranial pancreaticoduodenal artery
Left gastric artery
Splenic artery
Short gastric arteries
Left gastric artery
Cranial mesenteric artery
Middle colic artery
Right colic artery
Ileocolic artery
Colic branch
Cecal artery
Mesenteric ileal branch
Caudal pancreaticoduodenal artery
Jejunal arteries
Ileal arteries
Caudal phrenic artery
Caudal abdominal artery
Renal arteries
Ovarian artery
Testicular artery
Mesorchium
Caudal mesenteric artery
Left colic artery
Rectal artery
Deep circumflex iliac artery

Portal Venous System
Page 207

Portal vein
Gastroduodenal vein
Splenic vein
Left gastric vein
Cranial and Caudal mesenteric veins

Pelvic Viscera, Vessels, and Nerves
Page 208

Levator ani muscle
Coccygeus muscle
Pelvic plexus
Pelvic nerve
Pararectal fossa
Rectogenital pouch
Vesicogenital pouch
Pubovesical pouch

Iliac Arteries
Page 212

Iliac arteries
Vascular lacuna
Internal iliac
Median sacral artery
Umbilical artery
Internal pudendal artery
Vaginal or prostatic artery
Uterine artery
Caudal vesical artery
Middle rectal artery
Artery of the ductus deferens
Ventral perineal artery
Caudal rectal artery
Artery of the penis
Artery of the bulb of the penis
Deep artery of the penis
Dorsal artery of the penis
Artery of the clitoris

Pelvic Viscera
Page 215

Urinary bladder
Median ligament of the bladder
Lateral ligament of the bladder
Urethral muscle
Rugae
Trigone of the bladder
Rectum
Anal canal
Cutaneous zone of the anal canal
Paranal sinus
External sphincter muscle
Anus
Internal sphincter muscle
Rectococcygeus muscle

Male Pelvic Viscera
Page 219

Prostate gland
Urethra
Pelvic part
Penile part
Urethral crest
Colliculus seminalis
Penis
Root of the penis
Crus of the penis
Bulb of the penis
Body of the penis
Prepuce
Preputial orifice
Fornix of the prepuce
Corpus cavernosum penis
Tunica albuginea
Ischiocavernosus muscle
Retractor penis muscle
Bulbospongiosus muscle
Corpus spongiosum penis
Glans penis
Bulbus glandis
Pars longa glsndis
Os penis
Urethral groove

Female Pelvic Viscera
Page 224

Cervix
Cervical canal
Vagina
Fornix
Vestibule
Urethral tubercle
Vestibular bulbs
Clitoris
Glans clitoridis
Fossa clitoridis
Vulva
Labia
Rima pudendi
Dorsal and Ventral commissures

Vessels and Nerves of the Pelvic Limb
Page 227

Caudal gluteal artery
Cranial gluteal artery
Cranial gluteal nerve
Iliolumbar artery
External iliac artery
Vascular lacuna
Deep femoral artery
Pudendoepigastric trunk
Caudal epigastric artery
Femoral triangle
Medial circumflex femoral artery
Deep branch
Transverse branch
Femoral artery
Superficial circumflex iliac artery
Lateral circumflex femoral artery
Proximal caudal femoral artery
Saphenous artery
Cranial branch of the saphenous artery
Caudal branch of the saphenous artery
Saphenous nerve
Medial saphenous vein
Lateral saphenous vein
Cranial branch of the lateral saphenous vein
Descending genicular artery
Middle caudal femoral artery
Distal caudal femoral artery
Popliteal artery
Cranial tibial artery
Lumbosacral plexus
Obturator nerve
Femoral nerve
Saphenous nerve
Pudendal nerve
Caudal rectal nerve
Perineal nerves
Dorsal nerve of the penis
Caudal cutaneous femoral nerve
Lumbosacral trunk
Caudal gluteal nerve
Cranial gluteal nerve
Sciatic nerve
Lateral and Caudal cutaneous sural nerves
Common peroneal nerve
Superficial peroneal nerve
Deep peroneal nerve
Dorsal pedal artery
Arcuate artery
Perforating branch
Tibial nerve
Tarsal tunnel

The Head
Page 252

Skull
Calvaria

Dorsal and Lateral surfaces of the Skull
Page 252

The Braincase
Parietal bone
Frontal bone
Sagittal crest
Temporal lines
External occipital protuberance
Nuchal crest
Temporal fossa
Temporal bone
Squamous part
Tympanic part
Petrous part
Zygomatic process
Basisphenoid
Presphenoid

Facial Bones
Page 253

Nasal bone
Maxilla
Incisive bone
Nasal aperture
Orbit
Orbital margin
Orbital ligament
Zygomatic arch
Pterygopalatine fossa
Optic canal
Orbital fissure
Rostral alar foramen
Caudal palatine foramen
Sphenopalatine foramen
Maxillary foramen
Alveolar canals
Fossa for the lacrimal sac
Infraorbital foramen
Alveolar juga

Ventral Surface of the Skull
Page 255

Braincase
Paracondylar process
Occipital bone
Tympanic part
Petrosal part
Tympanic bulla
Ossicles
External acoustic meatus
Inner ear
Promontory
Cochlear window
Vestibular window
Stapes
Incus
Malleus
Mastoid Process
Alar canal
Round foramen
Caudal alar foramen
Oval foramen
Foramen lacerum
Musculotubal canal
Tympano-occipital fissure
Hypoglossal canal
Mandibular fossa
Retroarticular process
Retroarticular foramen
Stylomastiod foramen
Interalveolar septae
Interradicular septae
Hard palate
Palatine fissure
Major palatine foramen
Minor palatine foramen
Choanae

Caudal Surface of the Skull
Page 261

Nuchal crest
External occipital protuberance
Foramen magnum
Mastoid foramen
Optic canal

Mandible
Page 261

Mandible
Body
Ramus
Alveolar border
Masseteric fossa
Coronoid process
Mandibular foramen
Mandibular canal
Mental foramina
Condylar process
Temporomandibular joint
Mandibular notch
Angular process

Hyoid bones
Page 263

Hyoid apparatus
Tympanohyoid cartilage
Stylohyoid bone
Epihyoid bone
Ceratohyoid bone
Basihyoid bone
Thyrohyoid bone

Teeth
Page 254

Incisor teeth
Canine tooth
Cheek teeth
Premolars
Molars
Crown
Root
Neck
Upper shearing tooth
Vestibular surface
Lingual surface
Palatine surface
Contact surfaces
Mesial surfaces
Distal surfaces
Occlusal or masticating surface

Cavities of the Skull
Page 265

Cranial cavity
Cribiform plate
Rostral cranial fossa
Optic canal
Middle cranial fossa
Orbital fissure
Round foramen
Oval foramen
Sella turcica
Hypophyseal fossa
Dorsum sellae
Caudal cranial fossa
Canal for the Trigeminal Nerve
Internal acoustic meatus
Cerebellar fossa
Jugular foramen
Hypoglossal canal
Condyloid canal
Tentorium osseum
Tentorium cerebelli
Foramen for the dorsal sagittal sinus
Transverse canals
Transverse groove

Nasal cavity
Page 267

Nasal aperture
Choanae
Nasopharynx
Conchae
Dorsal nasal concha
Ventral nasal concha
Ethmoidal labyrinth
Ectoturbinates
Turbinates
Ethmoid bone
Nasal septum
Septal cartilage
Dorsal nasal meatus
Middle nasal meatus
Ventral nasal meatus
Common nasal meatus

Paranasal Sinuses
Page 270

Lateral frontal sinus
Rostral frontal sinus
Medial frontal sinus
Maxillary recess
Lateral nasal gland

Tympanic Cavity

Joints of the head
Page 271

Temporomandibular joint
Articular disk
Mandibular symphysis

Structures of the Head
Page 271

Philtrum

Muscles of the Face – Cheek, Lips, and Nose
Page 272

Platysma
Orbicularis oris
Buccinator muscle
Levator nasolabialis
Palpebrae
Superior and Inferior palpebrae
Palpebral fissure
Medial and Lateral palpebral commissures
Medial palpebral ligament
Lateral palpebral ligament
Palpebral conjunctiva
Bulbar conjunctiva
Fornix
Conjunctival sac
Lacrimal caruncle
Lacrimal punctum
Lacrimal gland
Lacrimal duct
Lacrimal sac
Nasolacrimal duct
Plica semilunaris (Third eyelid)
Superficial gland of the third eyelid
Orbicularis oculi
Retractor anguli oculi lateralis
Levator palpebrae superioris

The External Ear
Page 274

Rostral auricular muscles
Scutiform cartilage
Caudal auricular muscles

Oral Cavity
Page 274

Oral cavity
Vestibule
Parotid duct
Ducts of the zygomatic gland
Oral cavity proper
Palatoglossal arch

Tongue
Page 275

Root
Body
Apex
Filiform papillae
Conical papillae
Fungiform papillae
Foliate papillae
Vallate papillae
Lingual frenulum

Salivary Glands
Page 276

Sublingual fold
Sublingual caruncle
Mandibular duct
Major sublingual duct
Mandibular salivary gland
Sublingual gland
Parotid salivary gland
Parotid lymph node
Parotid duct
Ducts of the zygomatic salivary gland

Palate
Page 278

Incisive papilla
Incisive duct
Vomeronasal organ

Pharynx
Page 279

Oropharynx
Palatine tonsil
Semilunar fold
Nasal septum
Opening of the nasolacrimal duct
Nasopharynx
Palatopharyngeal arch
Auditory tube
Laryngopharynx
Pharyngoesophageal limen

Pharyngeal Muscles
Page 279

Cricopharyngeus
Thyropharyngeus
Hyopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
Pterygopharyngeus
Stylopharyngeus
Levator veli palatini
Tensor veli palatini

Larynx
Page 281

Epiglottic cartilage
Aryepiglottic fold
Thyroid cartilage
Rostral cornu
Caudal cornu
Caudal thyroid incisure
Cricothyroid ligament
Cricoid cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage
Muscular process
Vocal process
Vocal fold
Corniculate process
Cuneiform process
Vestibular fold
Laryngeal ventricle
Glottis
Rima glottidis

Muscles of the Larynx
Page 283

Criciothyroid muscle
Cricoarytenoideus dorsalis
Cricoarytenoideus lateralis
Thyroarytenoideus
Vocalis

The External Ear
Page 284

Auricular cartilage
Helix
Antihelix
Tragus
Antitragus
Intertragic incisure
Marginal cutaneous sac
Spine of the helix
Lateral crura
Pretragic incisure
Ear canal
Tympanic membrane
Annular cartilage

Muscles of Mastication and Related Muscles
Page 285

Temporalis muscle
Masseter muscle
Zygomatic salivary gland
Medial and Lateral pterygoid muscles
Digastricus

Lingual Muscles
Page 287

Styloglossus
Hyoglossus
Genioglossus

Hyoid Muscles
Page 288

Thyrohyoideus
Mylohyoideus
Geniohyoideus

The Eye and Related Structures
Page 288

Orbit
Periorbita
Lacrimal gland
Levator palpebrae superioris
Obliquus muscles
Rectus muscles
Retractor bulbi
Dorsal rectus
Medial rectus
Ventral rectus
Lateral rectus
Dorsal oblique
Trochlea
Ventral oblique
Superficial gland of the third eyelid

Page 290

Bulbus Oculi
External fibrous coat
Cornea
Sclera
Limbus
Middle vascular coat (Uvea)
Iris
Pupil
Choroid
Ora serrata
Tapetum lucidum
Ciliary body
Ciliary processes
Zonule
Zonular fibers
Lens
Vitreous body
Vitreous chamber
Aqueous humor
Anterior chamber
Posterior chamber
Iridocorneal angle
Scleral sinus
Pectinate ligament
Internal coat
Retina
Pars optica retinae
Pars ciliaris retinae
Pars iridica retinae
Dilator pupillae
Tapetum lucidum
Optic disc
Fundus

Superficial Veins of the Head
Page 294

External jugular vein
Lingual vein
Linguofacial vein
Facial vein
Dorsal nasal vein
Angularis oculi
Deep facial vein
Maxillary vein

Facial Nerve
Page 294

Facial (7 th Cranial) nerve
Auriculopalpebral nerve
Rostral auricular branches
Palpebral branches
Buccal branches
Trigeminal (5 th Cranial) nerve
Auriculotemporal nerve

Cervical Structures
Page 296

Thyroid gland
Parathyroid glands
External parathyroid
Internal parathyroid
Cervical portion of the esophagus
Pharyngoesophageal limen
Trachea
Tracheal cartilages

Common Carotid Artery
Page 298

Common carotid artery
Caudal thyroid artery
Cranial thyroid artery
Medial retropharyngeal lymph node
Internal carotid artery
Carotid sinus
External carotid artery
Superficial temporal artery
Maxillary artery
Occipital artery
Cranial laryngeal artery
Lingual artery
Facial artery
Sublingual artery
Caudal auricular artery
Superficial temporal artery
Maxillary artery

Mandibular Nerve
Page 302

Trigeminal (5 th Cranial) Nerve
Lingual nerve
Inferior alveolar nerve
Mylohyoid nerve
Auriculotemporal nerve

Maxillary artery
Page 304

Inferior alveolar artery
Caudal deep temporal artery
Middle meningeal artery
External ophthalmic artery
External ethmoidal artery
Minor palatine artery
Major palatine artery
Sphenopalatine artery
Infraorbital artery

Cranial Nerves
Page 306

Olfactory (1 st cranial) nerve
Optic (2 nd cranial) nerve
Oculomotor (3 rd cranial) nerve
  Ciliary ganglion
Trochlear (4 th cranial) nerve
Trigeminal (5 th cranial) nerve
Ophthalmic nerve
Frontal nerve
Infratrochlear nerves
Ciliary nerves
Ethmoidal nerve
Maxillary nerve
Zygomatic nerve
Pterygopalatine ganglion
Pterygopalatine nerve
Minor palatine nerves
Major palatine nerves
Infraorbital nerve
Superior alveolar branches
Abducent (6 th cranial) nerve
Facial (7 th cranial) nerve
Vestibulocochlear (8 th cranial) nerve
Distal ganglion of the vagus
Cranial cervical ganglion
Glossopharyngeal (9 th cranial) nerve
Vagus (10 th cranial) nerve
Proximal ganglion of the vagus
Pharyngeal plexus
Cranial laryngeal nerve
Caudal laryngeal nerve
Accessory (11 th cranial) nerve
Hypoglossal (12 th cranial) nerve

The Nervous System
Page 314

Central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system

Meninges
Page 314

Meninges
Dura mater
Longitudinal cerebral fissure
Falx cerebri
Pia mater
Arachnoid (leptomeninges)
Cerebellomedullary cistern

Arteries
Page 315

Basilar artery
Vertebral arteries
Ventral spinal artery
Internal carotid arteries
Communicating arteries
Cerebral arterial circle
Rostral cerebral artery
Middle cerebral artery
Caudal cerebral artery
Rostral cerebellar artery
Caudal cerebellar artery

Veins
Page 317

Venous sinuses
Dorsal sagittal sinus
Transverse sinus
Temporal sinus
Sigmoid sinus
Basilar sinus
Cavernous sinus
Ventral petrosal sinus
Ventral internal vertebral venous plexuses
Intervertebral veins
Angularis oculi veins

Brain
Page 320

Cerebrum – Surface Structures:
Longitudinal fissure
Gyri
Sulci
Frontal lobe
Parietal Lobe
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe
Rhinal sulcus
Olfactory bulb
Olfactory peduncle
Lateral and Medial Olfactory tracts
Piriform lobe
Cerebral cortex
Corona radiata

Cerebellum
Page 321

Cerebellum
Transverse cerebral fissure
Tentorium cerebelli
Choroid plexus
Transverse fibers of the pons
Middle cerebellar peduncle
Caudal cerebellar peduncle
Cerebellar hemispheres
Folia
Vermis
Medulla of the cerebellum

Diencephalon
Page 326

Diencephalon
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus
Optic chiasm
Optic tracts
Hypophysis
Infundibulum
Tuber cinereum
Mamillary bodies
Stria habenularis
Habenular nuclei
Pineal body
Third ventricle
Choroid plexus of the third ventricle
Lateral geniculate nucleus
Medial geniculate nucleus
Interthalamic adhesion

Mesencephalon
Page 328

Mesencephalon
Tectum
Colliculi
Cerebral peduncle
Crus cerebri
Mesencephalic aqueduct
Corpora quadrigemina
Rostral colliculi
Caudal colliculi
Lateral lemniscus
Branchium of the caudal colliculus
Commissure of the caudal colliculi
Branchium of the rostral colliculus

Ventral Metencephalon
Page 329

Pons
Cerebellum
Transverse fibers of the pons
Rostral medullary velum

Myelencephalon (Medulla)
Page 330

Trapezoid body
Pyramids
Ventral median fissure
Decussation of the pyramids
Cochlear nuclei
Acoustic stria
Rostral cerebellar peduncle
Middle cerebellar peduncle
Caudal cerebellar peduncle
Median sulcus
Sulcus limitans
Vestibular nuclei
Caudal medullary velum
Obex
Lateral aperture
Dorsal median sulcus
Fasciculus gracilis
Nucleus gracilis
Dorsal intermediate sulcus
Fasciculus cuneatus
Lateral cuneate nucleus
Cuneate tubercle
Dorsolateral sulcus
Spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve
Superficial arcuate fibers

Telencephalon (Cerebrum)
Page 333

Corpus callosum
Internal capsule
Septum pellucidum
Septal nuclei
Fornix
Crus of the Fonix
Body of the Fornix
Column of the Fornix
Lateral ventricle
Interventricular foramen
Hippocampus
Hippocampal commissure
Choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle
Stria terminalis
Cerebral cortex
Basal nucleus
Caudate nucleus
Corona radiata
Centrum semiovale
Cingulum
Internal capsule
Lamina terminalis
Infundibular recess

Spinal Cord
Page 338

Epidural space
Spinal nerve
Spinal ganglia
Cervical intumescence
Lumbar intumescence
Conus medullaris
Filum terminale
Cauda equina

Page 343

Meninges
Denticulate ligament

Vessels
Page 343

Ventral spinal artery
Spinal branches

Transverse sections

Dorsal horn
Ventral horn
Lateral horn
Central canal
Dorsal median sulcus
Dorsolateral sulcus
Dorsal funiculus
Ventrolateral sulcus
Lateral funiculus
Ventral funiculus
Ventral median fissure